Alkanes are rarely prepared from other types of compounds because of economic reasons. For this reason, alkanes are not formally considered a functional group. In addition to carbon dioxide, water and heat a variety of products are possible. In addition to carbon dioxide, water and heat a variety of. Doc planning and designing lab title alkanes and alkenes. General methods of preparation of alkanes is the topic which has a potential of fetching a question in iit jee and jee mainadvanced examination very frequently. By reduction of alkyl halides rx haloalkanes rx when heated with reducing agents like. View and download powerpoint presentations on alkanes and cycloalkanes ppt. This makes them relatively unreactive, apart from their reaction with oxygen in the.
Worlds best powerpoint templates crystalgraphics offers more powerpoint templates than anyone else in the world, with over 4 million to choose from. Alkane names are based on the number of carbon atoms in the longest continuous chain in the compound. Organic chemistryalkanes wikibooks, open books for an. As a vehicle fuel in the form of liquefied natural gas lng. Alkanes and cycloalkanes 11 million organic compounds which are classified into families according to structure and reactivity functional group fg. Propane and butane can be liquefied at fairly low pressures, and are used, for example, in the propane gas burner, or as propellants in aerosol sprays. Theyll give your presentations a professional, memorable appearance the kind of sophisticated look that todays audiences expect. Ppt alkanes and alkenes powerpoint presentation free.
It deals with their formulae and isomerism, their physical properties, and an introduction to their chemical reactivity. Alkanes and alkenes free download as powerpoint presentation. Alkanes 2 organic chemistry nowadays almost drives me mad. Straight chain alkanes arent straight c c bonds are sp3 hybridized. Although their reactivities are often rather uninteresting, they provide an excellent basis for understanding bonding, conformation, and other. It is postulated that when ants sting, the alkanes help the formic acid spread through the victims contact point 12. Alkanes are the simplest organic molecules, consisting solely of singlybonded carbon and hydrogen atoms. Janice gorzynski smith university of hawaii chapter 4 alkanes. Tes global ltd is registered in england company no 02017289 with its registered office. Introduction of a halogen into a molecule chlorination, bromination general reaction. Fgs behave similarly in every molecule they are part of. Principles of drug action 1, spring 2005, alkanes 1 hydrocarbon structure and chemistry. Alkanes ppt free download as powerpoint presentation.
The halogen reaction is very important in organic chemistry because it opens a gateway to further. The individual members are said to be homologs of each other. Classes of hydrocarbons alkanes are hydrocarbons in which all of the bonds are single bonds. Much of this fraction is utilized as jet engine fuels or is cracked to. Alkanes that are liquid are less dense and float on water. Winner of the standing ovation award for best powerpoint templates from presentations magazine. In chapter 7, we noted that alkanes saturated hydrocarbons have relatively few important chemical properties other than that they undergo combustion and react with halogens. This means that their carbon atoms are joined to each other by single bonds. There are two ways of writing a condensed structural formula. Again, for reasons that we will explore next semester, alkynes have four fewer hydrogen atoms than do alkanes and two fewer hydrogen atoms than do alkenes. Aim the purpose of carrying out this experiment is to identify alkanes and alkenes by their reactions. Naming alkanes with halogens in naming a molecule which contain halogens f,cl,br, and i we treat the halogen just like an alkyl group and indicate its presence with the following names.
We use your linkedin profile and activity data to personalize ads and to show you more relevant ads. These are organic molecules that consist only of hydrogen and carbon atoms in a treeshaped structure acyclic or not a ring. The branched alkanes make better gasoline than their con tinuouschain isomers because they give less knock in highcompression gasoline engines. The names of alkanes containing up to twelve carbon atoms per chain are as follows.
Find powerpoint presentations and slides using the power of, find free presentations research about alkanes and cycloalkanes ppt. Physical properties of alkanes comparison of boiling points for alkanes and alcohols compound b. Pristane is found in shark liver oil and also in sperm whale, lobster, zooplankton, etc. Alkanes when we combine the two high bond enthalpy and being nonpolar this makes alkanes quite unreactive alkanes dont react with acidsbases or oxidizing agents this is a useful trait and alkanes are used as lubricating agents and the backbone of polymers but when the do react.
In terms of occurrence and use, the simplest examples of alkanes are methane ch 4, the principal constituent of natural gas, ethane c 2 h 6, propane c 3 h 8, widely used as a gaseous fuel, and butane c 4 h 10, the liquid fuel in pocket lighters. This reaction is known as wurtz reaction and used for the preparation of symmetrical alkanes. Although not very captivating, chemguy explains chemistry concepts clearly. Alkanes are less dense than water and swim on top of water 2.
Any series that differs only by an increasing number of ch 2 groups is known as a homologous series. Introduction hydrocarbons are organic compounds consisting of cc and ch bonds. Carbon has a valence of four and thus requires four electrons or. Draw the structures of branched and unbranched alkanes, c1 to c4 and name the unbranched alkanes c1 to c4. The alkanes from pentane to octane are highly volatile liquids and good solvents for nonpolar substances. Alkanes the most basic of all organic compounds undergo very few reactions. Slabaugh 2 organic chemistry nowadays almost drives me mad. Cxh2x2 if you can name an alkane and alkene naming an alkyne is no much different. B halogenation halogenation a substitution reaction. Describe a homologous series and its general characteristics. Unsaturated hydrocarbons hydrocarbons with double or triple bondson the other hand, are quite reactive.
General methods of preparation of alkanes wurtz reaction. This video will look at the properties of alkanes including branching, solubility, boiling points, polarity and reactivity. In organic chemistry, an alkane, or paraffin a historical name that also has other meanings, is an acyclic saturated hydrocarbon. The larger alkanes also tend to produce a smokier flame due to incomplete combustion of the alkane molecules.
This section deals with wurtz reaction,frankland reaction. To me it appears like a primeval tropical forest full of the most remarkable things, a dreadful endless jungle into which one does not dare enter, for there seems to be no way out. The 3d representations and ballandstick models for these alkanes indicate the tetrahedral geometry around each c atom. In other words, an alkane consists of hydrogen and carbon atoms arranged in a tree structure in which all the carboncarbon bonds are single. This is a continuation from lesson two introduction to alkanes in which our host adds to his lecture how to name branched aliphatics. Chemical properties of alkanes alkanes are generally unreactive.
However, ignoring financial considerations, alkanes can be prepared from the following compounds. Chemsketch molecular modelling activity you have learnt 7 important concepts. For example, butane may be written as ch 3 ch 2 ch 2 ch 3 or ch 3 ch 2 2 ch 3. Hypothesis alkenes are much more reactive than alkanes. Organic chemistry science at yorkdale with jessica. To me it appears like a primeval tropical forest full of the most remarkable things, a dreadful endless jungle into. This website and its content is subject to our terms and conditions. Methane ch4 it is used as a fuel for homes, ovens, water heaters, kilns and automobiles as it combust with oxygen to produce heat. Powerpoint and afl task for teaching alkanes and alkenes. The two reactions of more importaces is combustion and halogenation, i. The alkanes range in complexity from the simplest case of methane. Alkanes are used as the basis for naming the majority of organic compounds their nomenclature. Alkane sequences form the inert framework of most organic compounds.
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